前列地尔联合西地那非在房缺重度肺动脉高压的临床应用

    发布时间:2015-01-02   来源:中华康网   

  前列地尔联合西地那非在房缺重度肺动脉高压的临床应用

  (附2例病例报告)

  张红超 于鲁峰 李一粟 李令珂 万士杰

  空军总医院心外科 100036空军总医院心血管外科张红超

  [摘要] 本文总结了前列地尔联合西地那非控制两例房缺合并严重肺动脉高压(PAH)的疗效。病人与方法:两例患者均未青年女性患者,有心功能不全及劳力性紫绀,心导管检查PAP几乎与动脉压相等,前列腺素降压实验无反应,影响学检查肺动脉及右心系统均表现扩张与肥厚,由于考虑患者年龄及静息状态血气,在充分准备下进行了手术处里,术前巯甲丙脯酸6.25mg口服2/日,西地那非12.5mg口服2/日,前列地尔(前列腺素E1脂微球制剂,Lipo-PGE1,北京泰德公司)40mg静滴1/日,半月后于全麻体外循环(ECC)心脏不停跳下行房缺修补术,术中前列地尔持续泵入。术后持续Lipo-PGE11-3ng/kg.min、硝普钠0.01-0.3ug/kg・min,术后第四天开始服用西地那非12.5mg2/日,巯甲丙脯酸12.5mg2/日,前列地尔20mg VD 1/日。出院后停前列地尔,口服西地那非依次12.5mg 3/日、25 mg2/日,25mg 3/日,50mg 2/日各1周,最后Lipo-PGE120ug 静滴1/日 10天,用药期间多次出现头痛,随访5月心功能I 级(NYHA)已经恢复原办公室工作。结论:Lipo-PGE1和西地那非控制先心病合并严重(PAH)的理想方案。

  关键词:前列地尔  西地那非  房间隔缺损   肺动脉高压

   

  Combined treatment with intravenous Lipo-prostaglandin E1 and sildenafil in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) secondary to atrial septal defects(ASD): report of 2cases.

  Zhang hongchao, Yu lufeng, Li yisu, Li lingke, Wan shijie.The cardiac surgery department,the general airforce hospital,Beijing 100036

  BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To report the experience obtained from a combined treatment program with intravenous (i.v) lipo-prostaglandin E1(Lipo-PGE1,Alprostadil, Beijing Taide pharmaceutical co. LTD.)and oral sildenafil in patients with severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to atrial septal defects(ASD) during peri-operation. PATIENTS AND METHOD: The two ASD patients were diagnosed PAH by right heart catheterization.Their pulmonary pressure almost equal to artery blood pressure. The changes of clinical manifestation (NYHA functional class), heart rate, echocardiography (including to estimate pulmonary pressure) were evaluated before and after treatment. The treatment program was intravenous (i.v) lipo-prostaglandin E1 20ug daily 2 weeks,and 2-4ng/kg.min from operation to 4ths day.Then, sildenafil was added to the treatment Initial sildenafil dose was 12.5 mg 2 times daily for a week. So in succession 12.5 mg 3 times daily, 25 mg 2 times, 25 mg 3 times,50 mg 2 times daily respectively a week and another intravenous (i.v) lipo-prostaglandin E1 20ug daily 2 weeks. RESULTS:By the end of the program the symptoms of dyspnea were disappeared. Their cardiac function converted to class I (previously classⅡ and III). The systolic pulmonary artery pressure decreased in 2 patients (average reduction 47%). The right ventricular were diminished apparently. The only side effect of sildenafil seen was mild headache.They all recovered to their original work positions when the follow-up were 4,6months.CONCLUSIONS: Our experience supports the value of our program in the treatment of PAH.It is useful for rescuing patients who has severe pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital heart disease. Furthermore,it is easy to carry out for out-patients.

  Keyword:

  pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)   Lipo-prostaglandin E1 

  atrial septal defects  sildenafil 

   

   

  本文总结了两例房缺合并严重肺动脉高压(PAH)患者围术期的治疗经验,尤其总结了前列腺素E1联合西地那非控制肺高压的疗效。

  病例1女,27岁,主诉:“声音嘶哑3月”入院,过度劳累时有紫绀,无蹲踞。查体:无明显紫绀,左侧声带麻痹,颈部无肿块及结节,心前区无杂音,P2高度亢进。右心导管118/58(75)mmHg,肺动脉高度扩张,前列腺素降压无反应,肺动脉阻力为4.8WOODS;超声:肺主干31mm,右支23mm,左干17mm,右心室舒张末大小为35×35×71mm3,中央型房缺,左向右分流,三尖瓣返流,估测肺动脉压(PAP)收缩压60mmHg,胸片:右心扩大,肺动脉段严重突出,双肺血管呈残根样改变。胸部CT:肺动脉系高度扩张,未见可疑占位病变压迫神经。ECG:右心肥厚。静息状态下上下肢动脉血气氧分压均大于85 mmHg。术前处理:巯甲丙脯酸6.25mg口服2/日,西地那非12.5mg口服2/日,前列地尔(前列腺素E1脂微球制剂,Lipo-PGE1,北京泰德公司)40mg静滴1/日,半月后于全麻体外循环(ECC)心脏不停跳下行房缺修补术,术中前列地尔持续泵入。术中见肺动脉主干35mm,左肺动脉30mm,右肺动脉28mm,房缺中央型2.5×2.5 cm2,用自体心包在涤纶补片上做右向左单向活瓣,然后连续缝合修补房缺,术中肺动脉测压(平均压),ECC前64mmHg与主动脉比为(P/A)0.80,ECC后PAP为74mmHg(P/A为0.89),给于酚妥拉明15mg分三次静推,加大Lipo-PGE1用量。PAP稳定于48~51mmHg(PA为0.56~0.64)。术后呼吸机应用8小时,持续Lipo-PGE11-3ng/kg.min、硝普钠0.01-0.3ug/kg・min, CVP控制在8-14cmH2O,CVP>25cmH2O给于安定镇静加酚妥拉明5mg缓慢静推,效果良好。术后第四天开始服用西地那非12.5mg2/日,巯甲丙脯酸12.5mg2/日,前列地尔20mg VD 1/日。有主诉头晕恶心,住院期间主诉发音轻松,声嘶无明显改变,出院复查胸片见心影及肺动脉段略有缩小,超声测量右心室30×28×65 mm3,房间隔无分流,PAP估测约17mmHg,出院后停前列地尔,口服西地那非依次12.5mg 3/日、25 mg2/日,25mg 3/日,50mg 2/日各1周,最后Lipo-PGE120ug 静滴1/日 10天,用药期间多次出现头痛,对症处理易缓解,出院后早期病人有间断心慌、气短,但活动能力明显提高,无呕吐、头晕等情况。随访10月,心功能由Ⅲ级恢复到I 级(NYHA),已经可从事办公室文员工作。

  病例2女,27岁,主诉:“劳力性心慌气短10年余”入院,稍有劳累即有紫绀,无蹲踞。查体:无明显紫绀,心前区无杂音,P2高度亢进。右心导管105/55(71)mmHg,肺动脉中度扩张,前列腺素降压无反应,肺动脉阻力为5.6WOODS;超声:肺主干44mm,右支22mm,左干21mm,右心室舒张末大小为42×54×69mm3,中央型房缺,双向分流以左向右分流为主,肺动脉瓣、三尖瓣返流,估测PAP收缩压67mmHg,胸片:右心扩大,肺动脉段严重突出,双肺血管呈残根样改变。ECG:右心肥厚。静息状态下上下肢动脉血气氧分压均大于85 mmHg。为术期处理及手术方法与例1方案相同。术中见肺动脉主干32mm,左肺动脉22mm,右肺动脉22mm,房缺中央型2.5×3.4 cm2,术中PAP(平均压),ECC前52mmHg与主动脉比为(P/A0.71),ECC后PAP为50mmHg(P/A为0.75),给于酚妥拉明5mg静推。PAP稳定于40~47mmHg(PA为0.56~0.64)。术后呼吸机应用12小时,用药期间也多次出现头痛,对症处理易缓解,出院复查胸片见心影及肺动脉段略有缩小,超声测量右心室33×37×67 mm3,房间隔无分流,PAP估测约23mmHg,出院前病人有间断心慌、气短,出院后早期无不适,活动能力明显提高。随访5月,心功能由Ⅲ级恢复到I 级,已经恢复原办公室工作。

  讨论:肺动脉高压是先天性心脏病的主要并发症,尤其是对重度PAH的处理往往十分难以把握尺度,本组观查的两例患者均未青年女性患者,有心功能不全及劳力性紫绀,心导管检查PAP几乎与动脉压相等,前列腺素降压实验无反应,影响学检查肺动脉及右心系统均表现扩张与肥厚,由于考虑患者年龄及静息状态血气,在充分准备下进行了手术处里,近期随访效果良好。

  前列腺素类药物可以扩张微血管、减少微血栓形成及白细胞粘服,从而缓解肺阻力,是目前治疗PAH的首选药物[1],但是该类药物在体内的半衰期极短,疗效难以持久,显然不利于PAH的治疗,而Lipo-PGE1是将PGE1在体外与脂微球载体充分结合。增加了在体内的作用时间,尤其是减少了PGE1在肺组织中的灭活,十分有利于PAH的治疗。但是单靠Lipo-PGE1的局限性在于其缓解肺动脉压的作用有限,而且长期应用其药物敏感性明显降低。西地那非又称万艾可(伟哥),它是作用于NO合成酶系统而达到扩张血管的,比起直接吸入NO(一氧化氮)其降低肺动脉压的作用要弱[2],可口服西地那非作用稳定,对肺的直接损伤小,且使用方便[3]。因此,我们结合Lipo-PGE1和西地那非的特点,在严重PAH术前联合小剂量应用,既可以增加药物的疗效又可以判断个体对药物的敏感性;术后交替应用两种药物,利用了药物耐药性的特点,尤其是从小剂量开始应用西地那非,有利于减少西地那非对血压及心肌收缩力的影响。从两例典型病例来看,二者在术中麻醉后肺动脉直接测压均在相对安全的范围,可能与术前治疗有一定关系;术后出院复查及随访也提示疗效可靠。与国外文献报告有相似的结果[4]。但是从我们的经验来看,对于围术期非常严重肺动脉高压不能单靠这两种药物的联合,应考虑应用扩血管作用更强、起效更快的药物如酚妥拉明等。至于两种药物联合应用的副作用除了两例患者均看到头痛外,未见到其它并发症。这可能是两种药物叠加了对脑血管的扩张作用[5]。

  参考文献

  1.     Hashimoto Y, Hirota K, Yoshioka H,et al. Spasmolytic effects of prostaglandin E1 on serotonin-induced bronchoconstriction and pulmonary hypertension in dogs. Br J Anaesth. 2000;85(3):460-462

  2.     Stocker C, Penny DJ, Brizard CP,et,al.Intravenous sildenafil and inhaled nitric oxide: a randomised trial in infants after cardiac surgery. Intensive Care Med. 2003 ;29(11):1996-2003

  3.     Lindberg L, Olsson AK, Jogi P,et.al.Clinical and haemodynamic effects of sildenafil in pulmonary hypertension: acute and mid-term effects. Eur Heart J. 2004;25(5):431-6

  4.     Garcia Hernandez FJ, Ocana Medina C, Mateos Romero L,et al.Combined treatment with intravenous prostacyclin and sildenafil in patients with pulmonary hypertension: report of 4 cases. Med Clin (Barc). 2004 ;122(2):64-6.

  5.         Kruuse C, Frandsen E, Schifter S,et al.Plasma levels of cAMP, cGMP and CGRP in sildenafil-induced headache. Cephalalgia. 2004;24(7):547-553.

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